According to the U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 67% of individuals released from prison are rearrested within three years of discharge. An estimated 30% of adult probationers supervised in the community are reconvicted for a new crime. Despite changes in laws, sentencing practices, and intervention approaches, these recidivism rates have remained relatively stable for decades (Andrews & Bonta, 2010; Bureau of Justice Statistics, n.d.; Hughes
& Wilson, 2005).
However, research over the past two decades demonstrates that significant reductions in recidivism are possible if current knowledge is applied with fidelity (see Andrews & Bonta, 2010; Lowenkamp, Latessa, & Smith, 2006). No longer is the challenge in understanding what we need to do to positively influence offender behavior; instead, the challenge is doing it. Practically speaking, adopting an evidence-based approach means restructuring the way in which we do business—in our jails and prisons, in probation and parole, and among judges, prosecutors, and others—so that organizational structures and cultures enable, rather than hinder, the implementation of policies, practices, programs, and services that are known to work in reducing criminal behavior. Dosage probation takes our current knowledge of intervention principles to the next logical step. Implementation of the dosage probation model, coupled with a rigorous empirical evaluation, offers potential for a justice system double play: increasing public safety while decreasing the costs associated with offenders’ persistent cycle of crime.

dosage

Executive summary

This research report examines the current uses of electronic monitoring (EM) tagging technology in the Scottish criminal justice system. The themes and findings presented here form one part of an EU-funded comparative research project1 involving five jurisdictions: England and Wales, Scotland, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. Significantly, this is the first comparative study of its kind in Europe. Criminologists Professor Gill McIvor and Dr Hannah Graham conducted the Scottish component of the research project, which spans a period of two years from May 2014 – April 2016. A range of key actors in the Scottish criminal justice field have been involved in this study as research participants, and details about the methods used in this study are outlined in Section 2 of this report. Electronic monitoring (EM) has been a feature of Scottish criminal justice for 15 years, based around the use of one type of technology – radio frequency (RF) tags – and home curfews and other place-based restrictions. EM is used in its own right as a stand-alone community penalty called a Restriction of Liberty Order, as well as with other groups like prisoners with early release through a Home Detention Curfew or as a condition of a parole licence. Scotland has one of the highest prison population rates in Western Europe, and the current and potential uses of electronic monitoring have featured in wider discussions of the need to pursue diversion and decarceration. To date, the uses of electronic monitoring in Scotland can be characterised as relatively simple but stable in approach. Most decision-makers (e.g., the judiciary, prison staff) tend to impose relatively standardised curfew regimes restricting people to their home for up to 12 hours a day. A large majority of these orders made by courts and prisons currently do not involve supervision by criminal justice social workers or requirements to participate in rehabilitation programmes or paid or unpaid work. The restriction of liberty in making people be restricted to a place (home) or away from a place acts as a punishment. However, within the current approach to EM, this study highlights the missing links of the options of supervision and supports for rehabilitation and desistance from crime

Scotland-report

La traduction de l’ouvrage de référence  « The Psychology of Criminal conduct », Firth Edition, LexisNexis, de D. A. Andrews et James Bonta est paru aux presses de l’ENAP: un « must have » pour les professionnels intervenant auprès d’auteurs d’infractions pénales dans une perspective de lutte contre la récidive.

Consulter le sommaire

Pour commander l’ouvrage aux presses de l’ENAP

L’ouvrage : Le comportement délinquant. Analyse et modalités d’intervention – 5^ème édition est publié par Les Presses de l’Enap, dans la collection « savoirs et pratiques criminologiques ». Il s’agit de la traduction française de l’ouvrage : « The Psychology of Criminal conduct », Firth Edition, LexisNexis, de D. A. Andrews et James Bonta.

Cet ouvrage est une œuvre essentielle pour les professionnels intervenant auprès d’auteurs d’infractions pénales dans une perspective de lutte contre la récidive. Considéré comme la bible du modèle RBR (risque, besoins et réceptivité), qui constitue actuellement une référence théorique et pratique incontournable dans le champ de la probation en Europe et dans le monde, l’ouvrage d’Andrews et Bonta ne peut que susciter l’intérêt des personnels pénitentiaires, élèves-Énap, étudiants et de tous ceux qui sont concernés par la prise en charge des délinquants, dans un contexte d’évolution des méthodes d’évaluation et des pratiques professionnelles.

• Première partie : le contexte théorique et la base de connaissances en psychologie du comportement délinquant
• Deuxième partie : les principaux facteurs de risque / besoins du comportement délinquant
• Troisième partie : Applications
• Quatrième partie : résumé et conclusions

Cet ouvrage comprend également une liste exhaustive de références bibliographiques et des notes techniques sur le comportement délinquant.

Le comportement délinquant. Analyse et modalités d’intervention. 5^ème édition. D.A. Andrews et J. Bonta. Traduit de l’anglais par M. Herzog-Evans et C. Le Bossé. Les Presses de l’Énap, Collection Savoirs et pratiques criminologiques. Septembre 2015

ZAGURY & SENON L’information psychiatrique 2014/8 (Volume 90) , L’expertise psychiatrique pénale en France, un système à la dérive.

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FRANCE CULTURE (« Le magazine de la rédaction »; 18/12/2015) »Paroles du dedans », quand des détenus montent sur scène

Reportage sur un projet artistique mené dans puis hors de la maison d’arrêt d’Osny (Val d’Oise) : des détenus ont participé à l’écriture d’un texte sur le thème de la prison, et d’autres détenus devaient dire ce texte sur scène, avec des comédiens professionnels, à l’extérieur de la prison, au théâtre de l’Apostrophe à Cergy.

Finalement, à trois semaines du spectacle, 2 détenus sur 8 ont obtenu l’autorisation de sortir de la prison pour jouer (un effet collatéral, sans doute, des attentats de Paris…).  Olivier Brunhes a revu son projet, il a fait entrer dans la prison des comédiens supplémentaires, et ils ont pris le relais des détenus, qui les ont abreuvés de conseils. A eux de porter la parole du « dedans »…

Le spectacle a bien eu lieu, il y a eu deux représentations les 10 et 12 décembre, et les deux fois, la salle était comble.

Pour prolonger et élargir le débat sur la culture en prison, 2 invités :

–    Adeline Hazan, contrôleure générale des lieux de privation de libertés

–   Julien Morel d’Arleux, sous-directeur de l’administration pénitentiaire en charge de direction des métiers et de l’organisation des services

–  David François Moreau, musicien et compositeur, revient sur la façon dont l’équipe de lacompagnie L’Art Eclair est allée à la rencontre des détenus de la maison d’arrêt du Val d’Oise.

RTS, Emission RTS (2014) Non verbal et mirroring – Effet caméléon – Tous des moutons

Mirroring is the behaviour in which one person subconsciously imitates the gesture, speech pattern, or attitude of another. Mirroring often occurs in social situations, particularly in the company of close friends or family. The concept often affects other individual’s notions about the individual that is exhibiting mirroring behaviors, which can lead to the individual building rapport with others.

Mirroring is the subconscious replication of another person’s nonverbal signals. This concept takes place in everyday interactions, and often goes unnoticed by both the person enacting the mirroring behaviors as well as the individual who is being mirrored. The activation of mirror neurons takes place within the individual who begins to mirror another’s movements, and allows them a greater connection and understanding with the individual who they are mirroring, as well as allowing the individual who is being mirrored to feel a stronger connection with the other individual. Mirroring is distinct from imitation under the premise that while imitation is a conscious and overt effort to copy another person, mirroring is often covert and goes unnoticed within the situation.

The display of mirroring often begins as early as infancy, as babies begin to mimic individuals around them and establish connections with particular body movements. The ability to mimic another person’s actions allows the infant to establish a sense of empathy and thus begin to understand another person’s emotions. The infant continues to establish connections with other individual’s emotions and subsequently mirror their movements.

Mirroring can establish rapport with the individual who is being mirrored, as the similarities in nonverbal gestures allow the individual to feel more connected with the person exhibiting the mirrored behavior. As the two individuals in the situation display similar nonverbal gestures, they may believe that they share similar attitudes and ideas as well. Mirror neurons react to and cause these movements, allowing the individuals to feel a greater sense of engagement and belonging within the situation. (Wikipedia)